Stevens–Johnson Syndrome SJS/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis TEN
摘要
Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysisToxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is defined as a rare and serious, widespread, vesiculobullous rash with epidermal sloughing and necrosis of the skin and mucous membrane involvement, usually of eyesEye, oral cavity, and genitals. Drugs are the most common cause of SJS/TEN. Ocular involvement in SJS/TEN occurs in 20% to 90% of cases, being almost 100% in more severe TEN. Acute-stage severe ocular complicationsComplications are defined as severe conjunctivitis with pseudomembranes and epithelial defects of the conjunctivaConjunctiva and corneaCornea. Consequences such as persistent corneal epithelial defects, which present a risk of infection and tissue destruction of the stroma, represent severe ocular complicationsComplications of chronic disease. Long-term visual impairment constitutes a major burden of disease, occurring in about 25–50% of patients. Histological confirmation from skin biopsy at disease onset with the hallmark finding of subepidermal split formation is obligatory to exclude potential differential diagnosesDiagnosis. Early transfer to specialized units, such as dermatological centers, intensive care, or burn units should be initiated to improve survival. Early diagnosisDiagnosis, early withdrawal of the suspected initiating drug, immediate and appropriate care in the acute phase, and appropriate follow-up by corneaCornea specialists are important to prevent vision impairment.