This chapter gives an overview on the basic understanding of corneal wound healing and fibrogenesis. On the one hand, the corneaCornea forms the anterior barrier of the eyeEye and it is particularly exposed to various external influences, such as those caused by injuriesInjury or pathogens. On the other hand, the corneaCornea significantly contributes to a crisp optical image on the retina by its transparency, avascularity and specific curvature. In this context, due to its multifunctional role and as a border to the environment, proper wound healing, especially without the formation of light-scattering scars, is essential to preserve the integrity and function of the corneaCornea; and the eyeEye itself. Misdirected wound healing is of great clinical relevance, as it can lead to corneal fibrosisCorneal fibrosis with subsequent visual loss. Corneal fibrosisCorneal fibrosis may result in permanent opacification, which can lead to blindness. Physiologic wound healing is a complex process and involves numerous tissue processes. At the cellular level, it occurs in a sequence of migration or transformation, proliferation, and modulation of the extracellular matrix. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of wound healing and fibrogenesis is of great importance for diagnostics, therapyTherapy, and the classification of healing processes of corneal wounds to counteract a permanent corneal damage at an early stage in the future.