Optimizing Training for Human-Robot Collaboration in Learning Factories: An Employee-Centered Perspective

With the introduction of robots in manufacturing, the imperative of continuous workplace learning emerges as a cornerstone for acquiring new knowledge and skills. While technical competence development plays a crucial role in understanding how the robot works and mastering skills like (re)programming the robot, this is not enough to create effective Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC). Organizational change frameworks emphasize the importance of preparing employees for change by increasing their readiness. However, current training practices frequently overlook this step. By combining different literature streams, we develop three propositions to guide the design of employee-centered HRC training. We propose that, in addition to training technical competencies (e.g., knowledge about robots), incorporating employee-centered components (e.g., fostering employee readiness) and promoting HRC skills (e.g., coordination) are essential for effective HRC training. Further, the implementation of robots in the workplace is a process in which training should be provided to employees throughout the different phases. This challenges current practices in which training is seen as a one-time event. The present paper aims to advance our understanding of HRC training and encourages the integration of technical and employee-centered elements when designing training for HRC. This will help design successful training initiatives and, thereby, support employee adaptation and organizational functioning when introducing robots in the workplace.