Learning Environment for Digital Twin Technologies and M2M Communication

This article discusses the practical application of digital twin and machine-to-machine (M2M) communication technologies using a case study involving a FDM printer. The case study serves as a platform for a wide range of practical applications and learning examples within the Ostfalia Learning and Innovation Factory (OLIF). The digital twin was created and dynamized using Siemens’ Mechatronic Concept Designer. The primary focus of this article is on the integration of the digital twin with the physical machine and the technologies employed for M2M communication modelling, specifically Asset Administration Shell (AAS) and OPC Unified Architecture (OPC/UA). The article demonstrates how AAS can be leveraged to manage the digital twin and facilitate the connection with the physical machine. The central question addressed here is how core digital twin technologies can be effectively taught to learners using a continuous example. This pedagogical challenge takes into account varying levels of prior knowledge and the limited time available for in-person activities. To address these issues, blended learning approaches are applied, bridging knowledge gaps and accommodating individual learning paces in preparation for in-person sessions. This work represents a practical approach to enhancing understanding and proficiency in digital twin and M2M communication technologies through hands-on learning experiences using learning-factory sessions as well as self-organized online teaching on a learning platform. To assess learning progress, we employed a multifaceted approach, including pre- and post-assessments, learner feedback, and performance metrics. Additionally, a comparative study was conducted with a control group from earlier workshops receiving solely theoretical instruction, revealing significant advantages in comprehension and retention for the group with direct practical exposure.