Experimental Study on the Performance of R22, R290, and Nanoparticles in Split Air-Conditioners in Ghana

Purpose: This study investigates the effect of refrigerants on the performance of split air conditioners in Ghana. The objectives were to experimentally compare the performances of selected refrigerants (Chlorodifluoromethane (R22), Propane (R290), Propane doped with aluminium dioxide (R290 + Al2O3), and Propane doped with copper oxide (R290 + CuO)) and identify the most energy efficient one for split air conditioners. Design/Methodology/Approach: The refrigerants’ selection was based on the biggest installed share and the alternative refrigerant in Ghana. The non-invasive technique was employed to obtain the data. A power-quality clamp meter and k-type thermocouples were used to record the power consumption and temperatures of the air conditioners respectively for three consecutive days for each working fluid. The acquired data were analysed using the Minitab Statistical Software. Findings: Results showed 27% reduction in daily power consumption with R290 and 34% reduction for R290 + CuO. It was also determined that each split air conditioner using refrigerant R22 emits 1.72 tCO2eq annually. Practical Implication: Annual energy savings potential of 0.87 MWh and 1.11 MWh were calculated respectively for R290 and R290 + CuO compared with R22. Social Implication: The increase in energy usage and GHG emissions can be minimized significantly if refrigerator and air conditioner importers are obligated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to import more R290 filled air-conditioners. Originality and value: This study is in line with Ghana’s strategic efforts to achieve, sustain and ensure climate resilience in order to reduce climate changes impacts and vulnerabilities to citizens and the economy, particularly on energy usage and GHG emissions.