Towards the Development of Injury Matrix: Preliminary Analysis Through Multi-body Codes for Vulnerable Users

In an era where cities worldwide advocate for walking and cycling as sustainable modes of transportation, concerns over the safety of pedestrians, cyclists, and e-scooter riders have intensified. This paper delves into the pressing issue of pedestrian accidents, which continue to pose significant challenges despite legislative and technological advancements. Drawing from a study conducted in literature, data analysis reveals a heightened risk of collisions between pedestrians and cyclists. Such collisions often result in severe injuries or fatalities for pedestrians, underscoring the urgent need for further research and interventions to mitigate these risks. Parameters such as peak head velocity, Head Injury Criterion (HIC) values, and vehicle stiffness play pivotal roles in evaluating the severity of injuries sustained in such collisions. As cities strive to promote active transportation, addressing the safety concerns arising from pedestrian-cyclist-scooter drivers’ interactions remains paramount for enhancing road safety and fostering sustainable urban mobility. The aim of this research is to investigate the injuries suffered by vulnerable road users due to accidents and to provide prediction models that can be used in the new design criteria of transport infrastructures.