Surgical Management of Thyroid Neoplasms

This chapter provides an extensive overview of thyroid surgery, including the operative steps for thyroidectomy and indications for surgical intervention in both benign and malignant thyroid conditions. It emphasizes the significance of high-quality imaging, reliable biopsy techniques, and molecular testing in patient evaluation. Surgical choices are discussed based on individualized risk–benefit assessments, covering scenarios such as large goiters, diffuse thyroid diseases, malignancies, concurrent hyperparathyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. The chapter also explores the role of surgery in primary thyroid cancer treatment, with a focus on well-differentiated thyroid cancer, and addresses the consideration of neck surgery following radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for thyroid nodules. Additionally, it highlights the challenges and potential benefits of surgery in cases of recurrent thyroid cancer post-RFA.