Complications of Thyroid RFA

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been performed internationally for over 10 years and has proven to be efficacious in the treatment of thyroid nodules. As the utilization of RFA for symptomatic nodules has increased, so has recognition of the procedural complications. The overall complication rate of patients who undergo thyroid RFA is low, reportedly up to 3.3%, with major complications occurring even more rarely. Fortunately, most complications are self-limited and resolve over time. However, a review of these complications is important for early recognition, optimal patient management, and to direct technical improvements, all of which will be discussed here.