In this chapter the effects of viscosity on an incompressible, internal flow will be studied. Such flows are of particular importance to engineers. Flow in a circular pipe is undoubtedly the most common internal fluid flow; it is encountered in the veins and arteries in a body, in a city’s water system, in a farmer’s irrigation system, in the piping systems transporting fluids in a factory, in the hydraulic lines of an aircraft, and in the ink jet of a computer’s printer. Flows in noncircular ducts and open channels must also be included in our study. In Chap. 4 we discovered that the viscous effects in a flow resulted in the introduction of the Reynolds number.