Geomorphic processesGeomorphic processes and landforms with their structural attributes impose significant impact on environmental systems. A literature review study was conducted to concisely document the geomorphic processesGeomorphic processes and structural landforms of the Abbay BasinAbbay Basin in EthiopiaEthiopia. A total of 75 papers available online were reviewed and statistical data were extracted from 41% of the reviewed papers. The data collected through this process were then systematically organized into three themes and analyzed using explanatory transcriptions to convert the raw data into useful information. The analyzed information indicated that the structural geomorphologyGeomorphology of the Abbay BasinAbbay Basin resulted from continental collision and fragmentation of East and West Gondwana and the formation of the East African OrogenEast African Orogen. The review results indicate that the Abbay fault evolved by rifting and faulting of the Gondwana continent along a northwest trending Mesozoic fault through headward erosion over the Afro-Arabian Lava Dom. River Abbay crosses varied geomorphic landscapes ranging from < 500 to > 4000 m above mean sea level. Five major geographic regions (Lake Tana basinLake Tana basin, Amarasaint Massifs, Mid-central plateau, southwestern upland and the Abbay-Dinder lowlands) makeup the entire geomorphic regionGeomorphic regions of the Abbay BasinAbbay Basin. The geomorphic structure of the area is rugged favouring the development of fast flowing streams and rivers. Most of the streams and rivers rising over the rugged mountains erode large amounts of soilSoil and deposits along the lower courses and plain areas. The sediments in turn affect the reservoirs, irrigationIrrigation and hydropower dams in downstream areas. The implementation of watershed-based soil and water conservationSoil and water conservation measures that reflect the varied geomorphic structures in watersheds is suggested to minimize both on-site and off-site impacts.