Diversity in Oxidative Status: Roles of Stress Response, Metabolism, Rhythmicity, and (Epi)Genetics

Many studies documented significant individual or species differences in oxidative status markers and resistance against oxidative stress over time and space. In this chapter, I have addressed the roles of several proximate mechanisms in the generation, maintenance, and evolution of diversity in oxidative status. In particular, I have examined the role of glucocorticoids as relevant mediators of this individual variation (coping style), because they drive the organismal response to stressors, such as the predation risk. I have also addressed other possible factors that generate differentiation in oxidative status, including the overlooked role of historical biogeographical events. Finally, I have focussed on the (i) endogenous and exogenous factors that determine circadian and circannual rhythmicity, (ii) relative contributions of parental effects and (epi)genetic background to variation in oxidative status, and (iii) comparative studies that assessed the links between oxidative status markers and pace of life of species.