Radiology Review

The purpose of this chapter is to become familiar with the imaging appearances of common pediatric pathologies, which are presented in a radiology case-based review series. Cases are organized into cardiothoracic, abdominal, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, and neuroimaging sections. Each case is presented in the initial screening imaging modality of choice unless otherwise stated. Radiography and ultrasound are the most common initial diagnostic imaging modalities used in the pediatric population, while fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are typically reserved for troubleshooting and/or imaging of critical patients. The American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria (AC) provides evidence-based guidelines for selecting the most effective diagnostic imaging study for various clinical scenarios.