Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment of Contaminated Water

The last few decades have seen a tremendous interest in the use of chemicals for industrial and agricultural activities. The increase in industrial activities has led to significant increase in water pollution. There have been several reports on the presence of hazardous chemicals and their residues into the natural water bodies. Ecotoxicological risk assessment (ERA) is a contemporary research area focused on examining the toxicity of pollutants and assessing the potential risks linked to their detrimental impacts. ERA primarily aims to assess potential adverse outcomes arising from exposure to stressors. Numerous methodologies have been employed to examine the ecotoxicological impacts of contaminants in water and to conduct risk assessments. This chapter furnishes current insights into ecotoxicology and risk assessment investigations conducted on aquatic contaminants. To commence, it elucidates the current worldwide scenario of water contamination, encompassing its origins and the diverse array of contaminants involved. Subsequently, it outlines prevalent ecotoxicological biomarkers and indicator species. Lastly, the discourse delves into the comprehension of environmental hazards, along with an exploration of risk assessment and its subsequent management strategies.