Multi-objective Deployment of WSNs in Underground Sheltered Space

Given the increasing population, the underground spaces are widely used. The existing research on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) development has mainly focused on overground space; also, the existing work was based on an ideal deployment environment and simple sensor behaviour. As a consequence, they do not satisfy requirements for practical 3D environment. The 3D wireless sensor networks (WSNs) deployment has new difficulties in the underground space. The signal transmission is impacted by obstacles in the underground space. Thus, we propose a geometry-based 3D signal propagation model to calculate the signal path loss caused by obstacles. Then, taking both coverage and connectivity into account, we transform the WSNs deployment problem into a multi-objective optimization problem (MOP). Finally, we compare some state-of-the-art multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) for the WSNs deployment problem in underground sheltered space. By the experimental results, we optimize the multiobjective deployment problem of the WSNs in the underground sheltered space.