Application of Quantum Mechanics Methods in Medical Diagnostics

This chapter is devoted to the presentation of the basics of quantum mechanics—one of the main branches of physical science, which studies the laws of the micro and nano world. These laws find their effective application in medical physics for the creation of modern precision methods of medical diagnostics. First of all, this concerns such widely used tomographic methods as X-ray computed tomography X-ray computed tomography(CT) using a layer-by-layer scanning to obtain medical imaging due to the gradual passage of an X-ray beam through a thin layer of tissues of the human body; magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) based on the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); positron emission tomography Positron emission tomography(PET), being a method of medical radioisotope diagnostics based on the phenomenon of electron and positron annihilation. As in all previous chapters, not only a brief general description of the basic ideas underlying the tomographic methods of medical diagnostics (see Sect. 7.2), but also a strict mathematical and physical justification of basic theoretical provisions of quantum mechanics Quantum mechanicsis offered to the attention of the reader. As well as the mentioned tomographic methods of medical diagnostics (see Sect. 7.3). In addition, in connection with the growing interest in the use of PET not only as a diagnostic method, but also as a therapeutic radioisotope method for the treatment of oncological diseases, in the last Sect. 7.3.4 the intriguing problem of the law of conservationLaw of mass conservation of mass in the reaction of annihilation of matter and antimatter is discussed (in particular, electron and positron in the method of positron emission tomography), as well as the general most mysterious problem of natural science about the existence of dark energy and dark matterDark matter and dark energy.