Investigating Triple Bottom Line in the Context of Indigenous Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Review

The study focused on the triple bottom line (TBL) and quadruple bottom line (QBL) theories and their implementation within the indigenous community. The TBL theory encompasses environmental, social, and economic sustainability with culture and spirituality being included in the quadruple bottom line theory. Indigenous entrepreneurs use cultural knowledge and spirituality to develop organisations and are largely reliant on community resources to conduct their entrepreneurial activities. Based on the importance placed on culture, traditional values, and spirituality, these indigenous enterprises are closely linked to the fourth dimension of the QBL theory. A systematic literature review was conducted from 24 peer-reviewed journal articles published over the past two decades. The article search was conducted using five recognised databases with irrelevant studies excluded using two review processes. Based on co-occurrence analysis, a theoretical framework was developed indicating the relationship between the concepts of QBL theory and its implementation. The findings were also applied to the Sub-Saharan Africa context.