Computational Neurosurgery: Foundation

Computational neurosurgery is a novel translational field where computational modeling and artificial intelligence are used to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients affected by diseases of neurosurgical relevance. By laying the foundations of the field, this chapter summarizes the main aspects and implications of artificial intelligence in the clinical neurosciences, with particular emphasis on the necessity to provide an augmented intelligence (AI+) framework to be implemented in modern and future healthcare, aimed to improve the knowledge of the brain, in all its physiopathological spectrum, and to enhance the understanding and treatment of neurological and neurosurgical diseases.