Circulating miRNAs As Biomarkers for Early Disease Diagnosis

In today’s medical world, early detection of disease is a crucial factor in ensuring that patients receive appropriate and adequate treatment. Particularly in the context of cancer, early diagnosis can have a significant impact on prognosis. The search is therefore intensifying for suitable biomarkers that can improve or even replace our modern screening programs. MicroRNAs, as stable molecules in various body fluids, are ideal for liquid biopsy and have been widely studied in epigenetic research over the last decade. This chapter highlights the current state of research in the most common cancers and common diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease and covers the difficulties and challenges in recent approaches up to clinical implementation.