Endoscopic examination of the small intestine is relatively difficult due to anatomical (length, relatively free intraperitoneal location) and functional characteristics (peristalsis). These facts (together with confidence in rarity of small bowel pathologies, and issues related to enteroscope construction) led endoscopists to a relative lack in interest in small bowel examination. The situation changed at the end of the twentieth century, though, with the introduction of the first models of sonde and push enteroscopes. Push enteroscopy is a simpler and widely available alternative to deep enteroscopic methods, especially in cases of diffuse enteropathies or focal pathology in the proximal jejunum (around the ligament of Treitz). Balloon-guided enteroscopy is another possibility to reach the deeper parts of the small intestine, using a special balloon device introduced into the working canal of the standard endoscope.