Dysphagia and Odynophagia

Swallowing requires the complex coordination and integration of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system, striated and smooth muscle, voluntary and reflexive actions, and involves structures extending from the oropharynx to the lower esophageal sphincter. Any abnormal function of this complex integration results in abnormal swallowing, termed dysphagia. Dysphagia and odynophagia represent intricate clinical phenomena involving impaired swallowing function and painful deglutition, respectively, significantly impacting individuals across diverse demographics. This chapter provides an in-depth synthesis of current knowledge surrounding these disorders, addressing their etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic strategies, and evolving therapeutic interventions.