Dyspnea
摘要
Dyspnea, characterized by the subjective experience of breathlessness, is a common and distressing symptom spanning a spectrum of medical conditions. The mechanisms of dyspnea are diverse, encompassing respiratory, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and psychosocial components. This chapter offers a comprehensive overview of dyspnea, exploring its underlying mechanisms, clinical assessments, and evolving strategies for multidimensional management.