A New Concept of Collector-Ply Layer and Multilayer Design for Lightweight CFRP Liquid Hydrogen Tanks

Carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites for liquid hydrogen tanks have experienced a transformative evolution in engineering, offering lightweight solutions for efficient energy storage in aerospace and automotive sectors. Ultralight composite tanks type V have a substantially lower material density when compared with metallic tanks, thus resulting in an increased outgassing behavior of hydrogen. Recent ground tests failure of CFRP tanks is thought to steam directly from the excessive permeation of hydrogen into the sandwich tank wall. Overcoming this issue and thus maintaining the constant flow of hydrogen gas is crucial to fully harness the benefits of CFRP tanks and ensure their safe and sustainable integration towards zero-emission technologies. The objective of this work was to design and conduct an experimental survey of porous materials that could be incorporated as a collector-ply layer, enclosing the permeation of hydrogen gas eventually leaked from the inner tank. Ultimately, enabling the design of a collector-ply layer.