IoT and Blockchain in Agriculture: Architecture and Research Issues

Agricultural trends indicate a move towards smart agriculture and efficient use of modern technologies and machine learning of time and resources while reducing crop losses and saving time and resources as these emerging technologies, particularly the Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain (BC), play an effective role in precision agriculture applications It has helped provide reliable services to ensure and improve agricultural productivity It improves the entire agricultural system through real-time field monitoring of soil fertility, irrigation techniques, temperature and humidity control, weather monitoring, crop disease detection and agricultural product tracking, etc. This article aims to present a literature review to investigate the issues and challenges of the blockchain approach linked to IoT applications so that the two technologies can be combined to work together successfully. It also highlights the main ways in which the blockchain approach can support the enhancement of IoT systems. In addition to examining existing blockchain applications and platforms to provide a comprehensive summary of how the blockchain approach cooperates with the IoT paradigm.