Dental Unit Waterlines

Biofilms are complex ecosystems of microorganisms that attach to various surfaces. Composed of heterogeneous groups of microbial species surrounded by a protective layer of polysaccharide (glycocalyx), biofilms are exceptionally adherent to the specific surface to which they are attached. The presence of the glycocalyx and the extraordinary adhesion properties make biofilms very difficult to remove and highly resistant to disinfection. These properties make biofilm-mediated infections persistent and very difficult to eradicate. Of particular significance to dental practitioners is the fact that dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) are readily colonized with biofilm. As coolant water passes through the DUWL, small fragments of bacterial-laden biofilm break off resulting in high levels of microbial contamination on the effluent water. In recent years, there have been several documented cases of odontogenic infections directly associated with DUWLs, and many regulatory agencies recommend that dental clinicians improve the quality of water used in routine dental procedures.