Addressing the Global Energy Crisis: Development of a Renewable Energy Model for Sustainable Cities—A Case Study in Yogyakarta Province

Energy is one prominent issue today. The current global energy crisis will affect domestic energy security. Yogyakarta Province is one of Indonesia’s provinces with no reserves or potential for non-renewable primary energy resources. Meanwhile, although Yogyakarta Province has renewable energy sources, such as biogas, micro-hydro, solar energy, wind, and waste to energy, these have not utilized optimally on a large scale. The purpose of this research is to find, design, and analyze the key variables in the sustainability model of renewable energy in Yogyakarta Province. The method analysis uses the Cross Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC). The result showed that variables are influence variables, including economic indicators comprising scare energy supply, affordable energy prices, and rising global energy prices. Then, regulatory indicators encompassed laws and regulations supporting renewable energy from central and regional governments. The urgency of this research is that EBT-based power plant projects in Yogyakarta and several regions in Indonesia, in general, face intermittency and variability that is still not optimal. Intermittency here is a situation where electricity generated from renewable energy cannot always be generated. At the same time, the variability in question is the instability of the energy produced. So the sustainability aspect in the development of renewable energy-based power plants is essential. In addition, the constraints on NRE-based power plants are the high investment and operational costs, as well as institutional governance at the central and regional levels. Therefore, developing renewable energy-based power plants requires the collaboration of all parties, especially the community, central and regional governments, and the private sector.