Recent Trends and Applications of Biochar and Nanoparticles from Plant Biomass

Delving into the synthesis of biochar and nanoparticles from medicinal and aromatic plant biomass, this chapter meticulously examines their applications across diverse domains. Various synthesis methods of biochar, including pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal carbonization, hydrothermal liquefaction, torrefaction, and flash carbonization, are discussed in detail. Further, this chapter explores chemical, mechanical, and biological methodologies for producing nanoparticles such as cellulose nanocrystals, nanolignin, nanobiochar, carbon dots, quercetin nanoparticles, curcumin nanoparticles, resveratrol nanoparticles, and ginger nanoparticles. The investigation encompasses diverse plant sources, including roots, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Each synthesis method with advantages and disadvantages and its impact on the resulting nanomaterial properties is discussed. Besides, the chapter examines the wide-ranging applications of biochar and nanoparticles, spanning environmental remediation, agriculture, biomedical uses, and energy storage. Overall, this exploration emphasizes the role of medicinal and aromatic plant biomass-derived materials in advancing sustainable and eco-friendly technologies.