George W. Bush and Quad 1.0

The US lacked a clear threat at the end of the 1990s. With the USSR gone, and many Asian economies still reeling after the 1997 IMF crisis, the question was what the future would look like for the US network of alliances in Asia. During the George W. Bush administration, the tragedy of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks would determine a strong shift in what AmericaAmerica/US considered a threat and in its strategic culturestrategic culture.