The applications of VLC can be divided into two categories: terrestrial and non-terrestrial. As terrestrial applications, this chapter introduces LED-based indoor illumination-light communication systems, which including emergency-light-based LBS system, VLC-based visually impaired guidance system, Li-Fi system using VLC and PLC hybrid access mode, and LED-based IoT systems. As non-terrestrial applications, this chapter focuses on LED-based underwater optical wireless communication system with water-environment adaptive control functions, including VLC-based underwater sensor networks. As a special application, this chapter also presents examples of combining VLC with art using the color characteristics of visible light.