Effectiveness of Ultrafiltration (UF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) in the Purification of Groundwater with a High Content of Iron and Manganese

The article discusses the removal of iron and manganese ions from groundwater using the ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) process. The influence of technological parameters, such as operating pressure and temperature, on the characteristics of the UF and RO membranes has been studied. It is shown that high values of operating pressure and temperature lead not only to an increase in flux, but also to a decrease in the rejection of the UF membrane. This study provides useful data on the use of ultrafiltration as a pre-treatment for reverse osmosis process in the purification of groundwater for removing iron and manganese.