The National Cybersecurity Perimeter: Regulatory Scope and Limitations

This chapter delves into the critical developments surrounding the national cybersecurity perimeter (PSNC) law, established by the legislative decree and later converted into Law No. 133 in 2019. The chapter explores the regulatory scope and operational provisions of the PSNC, which significantly broadened the definition of vital entities and services under its protection, including governmental sectors and private actors falling in the framework of critical infrastructures. These sectors are mandated to adopt high-security measures and to report any cyber incidents, creating a more resilient and responsive cybersecurity environment in Italy. The chapter analyzes the implications of the PSNC’s regulatory framework, highlighting both the legislative benefits and potential limitations. It discusses how the PSNC’s approach aims to safeguard national security by requiring a wide array of public and private entities to maintain strict security protocols and engage in proactive incident reporting. However, it also considers the operational and bureaucratic challenges posed by the PSNC, including the potential for “naming and shaming” that could discourage entities from timely reporting or acknowledging cyber incidents. Through this examination, the chapter contributes to the broader debate on cybersecurity in Italy, assessing how legislation can evolve to address both immediate- and long-term challenges related to the technological landscape.