Shigellosis: The Road from Multiple Drug-Resistance (MDR) to Vaccine Development

In regions facing development challenges, bacillary dysenteryDysentery stands out as a prevalent diarrheal infection, particularly endemic in temperate and tropical climates. ShigellosisShigellosis, as commonly known, disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, including children under five, malnourished children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Globally, an estimated 165 million cases of shigellosis are reported each year. Current treatment modalities are confined to oral rehydration and antibiotic use; however, the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains complicates the therapeutic landscape. Consequently, overcoming the challenges posed by drug resistance necessitates a shift towards the development of safe and effective vaccines. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesisPathogenesis, and preventive strategies for shigellosis. Emphasis is placed on exploring existing antimicrobials and ongoing vaccine development initiatives as critical components in the collective effort to combat Shigella infections. This review also discussed the importance of preparedness for future outbreaks through advancements in vaccine research and development.