Polarization Imaging of Pathological Biological Tissues Using a Robotic System Based on Multi-element Sensors

Problem statement: The spread of cancer is one of the most serious problems in medicine, therefore, in order to combat this disease, it is critically important to detect it at an early stage of development. However, the development of effective diagnostic methods for detecting pathological biological tissues and monitoring their development is a difficult task. Currently, optoelectronic methods are actively developing and improving, which make it possible to obtain high-quality, accurate and objective data on the state of biological tissues. This significantly increases the reliability of the diagnostic process and allows you to more accurately determine the degree of malignancy of the pathology. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, it seems relevant to propose and investigate optoelectronic methods for diagnostics, on the basis of which robotic systems based on SEMS modules can be created. Purpose of research: Quantitative analysis of the degree of malignancy of pathology using the polarization-optical method, which is based on the registration of changes in the structure of biological samples with anisotropic properties. Results: The clinical effectiveness of the statistical multivariate analysis of the coordinate distributions of the invariants of the Mueller matrix obtained on the basis of the formation of digital images by laser imaging polarimetry in relation to the problem of differentiation of pathological conditions of biological tissue has been revealed. Azimuthally stable invariants of the Mueller matrices for samples of biological tissue of different organs and the degree of malignancy have been determined. It is proved that they characterize the polarization manifestations of porphines against the background of linear birefringence and optical activity of proteins of biological tissues. A comparative study of the diagnostic capabilities of the Mueller matrix polarimetry method of biopsy of gastric adenocarcinoma and lung metastasis with varying degrees of malignancy of the neoplasm was carried out. Practical significance: The creation of robotic systems based on SEMS modules will automate the process of diagnostics and analysis of optical properties of biological tissues. This will ensure automation and acceleration of the diagnostic process, as well as increase the efficiency of the medical staff.