The Potential Human Impacts of Environmental Contamination by Microplastics and Nanoplastics: A Review

In recent years, many studies have focused on the human consequences of contamination of the environment with micro-or nano-plastics (MNPs). However, the human health consequences of MNPs in the environment have not been studied extensively. In this chapter, we look at how plastic waste is broken down into fragments of the size micro-nano-plastics. Next, we look at the possible sources, fate and occurrence of MNPs in different environmental compartments. Lastly, we summarise the absorption of MNPs, their metabolism and their bioaccumulation in the human system, as well as the various health consequences associated with MNPs. We also look at the toxic effects of the chemical additives released by MNPs, as well as their role as vectors of other toxic chemicals. In conclusion, we have identified the potential areas of research that are necessary to understand the potential risks associated with MNPs pollution, and to lay the groundwork for future management and control.