Microplastics in Soils and Sediments

Microplastics (MPs) are widely acknowledged as a hazard to the biosphere, mediated by human activities, and are the subject of global discourse. Persistent contaminants, such as MPs, have a substantial impact on agricultural productivity, soil ecology, and the overall ecological environment. Substantial quantities of plastic detritus persist in the aftermath of crop cultivation. Over time, the residual plastic waste undergoes fragmentation, resulting in the formation of MPs, which are particles less than five millimeters in diameter. Physicochemical properties of the soil, including enzymatic and microbiological activity, porosity, plant development, and yield, are altered by MPs. Despite the potential harm they may cause, MPs in the soil environment have not been the subject of extensive research. MPs are capable of contaminating subterranean water through their extensive infiltration of the soil. Literature examining the origins and varieties of MPs in soil, their detrimental effects on soil health and functionality, methods of detection, preventative measures, and the possible future evolution of soil MPs has been compiled in this study. Additionally, it investigates the overarching concept of MP contamination and its potential environmental ramifications. This chapter will provide readers with a comprehensive comprehension of the soil pollution caused by MPs. It will also establish the scientific foundation for the development of novel management approaches that will protect and improve soils, promote the sustainable development of the environment, and pinpoint crucial domains that require additional research. In addition, it will address a number of the most crucial subjects for future research and significant policymaking stakeholders.