The Nexus Between the Transport Mechanisms and Remediation Techniques of Microplastics

Microplastic (MP) transport mechanisms refer to the pathways through which MPs migrate within the environment, while MP remediation techniques encompass methods employed to mitigate their presence. Despite prior research efforts investigating various aspects of MPs, knowledge gaps persist in this emerging field. This book chapter contributes a novel perspective by exploring the nexus between MP transport mechanisms and their corresponding remediation strategies. The findings indicate that each environmental compartment is influenced by unique factors, but is interconnected. Airborne MPs are dispersed by wind currents, with their transport influenced by MP characteristics, anthropogenic activities, and climatic conditions. In terrestrial ecosystems, MPs are carried by water and biota, with environmental factors, MP properties, and soil characteristics exerting significant influence. Aquatic systems receive MP inputs from runoff and atmospheric deposition, with organisms, salinity levels, waves, and currents acting as key determinants. Optimal remediation approaches were identified for different settings based on their distinct transport mechanisms. In urban and industrial areas with elevated levels of airborne MPs, air filtration systems or phytoremediation techniques have proven effective. Regions prone to bioturbation by earthworms or other soil organisms may benefit from bioremediation strategies that exploit the metabolic capabilities of these organisms. In coastal and marine environments, where MPs are transported by ocean currents and waves, strategic interventions such as barrier installations or the creation of artificial eddies are vital tools. To effectively address the MP pollution challenge, further research is needed to identify effective remediation techniques for specific environmental compartments.