Impact of Using Surveying Instruments in Land Subdivision and Demarcation in Sub-Sahara African Countries the Case of Rwanda Parcels

Land subdivision is very important as people need to buy land for their Construction Projects, Agriculture activities or other projects related to land. Thus incorrect land subdivision can cause land conflicts for land owners in urban and rural areas. Therefore, if land surveying in not done well this might result in endless land problems. It is for this reason Land practitioners must take into consideration proper land surveying to avoid land difficulties which might come in case this is not done properly. In Rwanda people are doing land projects including Construction, buying and Selling land as well as other land related projects depending on their interests and this trend will keep growing even in the future. Thus this study assessed the impact of surveying instruments in land subdivision in Rwanda for proper land surveying and land related conflict reduction through precise land surveying. Furthermore, the Case of Rwanda in Buyanja village of Rwamagana district, as the present project has been conducted with the main objective of land demarcation process in Buyanja village, the study specific objectives collecting data of field parcels boundaries of Sample parcels of Buyanja village, to process and produce cadastral maps that show parcels boundaries of sampled parcels and to compare existing cadastral map and new cadastral map of sampled parcels. Land demarcation should be the firmly proof of ownership of the land parcel and be able to solve any problems regarding to it, but due to the process of Land demarcation in 2008 the result shown that 84% of all parcels were only been recorded and others 16% were not, due to that those whom their parcels were recorded they all believed that their parcels are well recorded. From 2009 up now land surveyor were added to those who help to solve boundaries problems by using their knowledge and instruments of high accuracy. The aim of this research was to identify the errors in land demarcation process and it provides cadastral map of accurate measurement which conduct to appropriate taxation and expropriation which and match with the LAIS boundaries to show the errors to achieve these objectives field work was conducted Buyanja village in order to collect primary and secondary data with regard to the scope of this research. During data collection DGPS which called UNISTRONG was used and ArcGIS was used during analysis the data collected in order to answer research question. The data used were collected from 13 parcels selected using random sampling to determine whether the result recorded in land titles are the same to the ones on field. These sample parcels are located in Munyiginya sector, Buyanja village of Rwamagana district Eastern province. The result shows that 13 of parcels which were surveyed and chosen randomly in Buyanja village, almost 85% were affected by first land demarcation which rise the boundaries problems soon or late, and 15% are those which is recorded and found not many mistakes were committed and when accurate instrument was used found that it is not fit with the boundaries of parcel available in land title of owners are recommended to follow the process of collection.