Home gardens are complex agroforestry systems characterized by being reservoirs of agrobiodiversity, including native and introduced species that contribute to the maintenance of biocultural diversity. Northern Chiapas is a region of tropical rainforest where the Maya-Ch’ol people are located. The population interacts with biological diversity and has fostered the existence of a continuous spectrum of management forms. This spectrum is particularly visible in areas where the origin of the domestication of plant species is evident and where human populations have established an intimate relationship with them through a long history. Indigenous communities have played an important role as subjects of socio-environmental processes and have been studied from archeological, anthropological, sociological, and agroecological perspectives. In the case of the Ch’ol communities, they have a notable history related to the ancient Mayan civilizations. The study of Ch’ol home gardens from a life systems and biocultural heritage approach has allowed for the contextualization of family production units. This approach identifies a significant relationship between sociocultural and agroecological factors and an association with practices that motivate domestication. These studies suggest hypotheses pointing to the investigation of taxonomic groups involved in particular management, to continue building theories on the domestication of species in Mesoamerica.