Over time, various studies have documented the use of mushrooms on all continents. Until recently, there was a misconception that Neotropical lowlands peoples did not use mushrooms as a forest resource as intensively as Neotropical highlands or boreal peoples. This chapter uses an ecological ethnomycological perspective to describe the characteristics of Mesoamerican and Amazonian lowland funga, the different perceptions about fungi in these regions, and the ways in which they are used. How some ecological aspects explain cultural patterns are here analyzed. The evidence presented suggests that mycophobia is not a general pattern for the Neotropical lowlands. While fewer species are used in the Neotropical lowlands, this rather suggests a specialization in the use and management of fungal resources based on rainforests conditions, namely, specific fungal richness, higher availability of lignicolous and saprophytic species, and the high temperatures and humidity, which require more energetically efficient collecting strategies.