Human-fauna interactions are complex expressions of worldviews. They involve emotions, beliefs, thoughts, and the satisfaction of basic survival needs. They also, involve local in situ or ex situ management strategies that take different forms in different human cultures. Some of their ecological and evolutionary consequences are intentional, while others are incidental. This chapter reviews the zooarchaeological and ethnozoological literature in the region between Mexico and Panama to analyze the management and domestication of native and introduced fauna (dogs, turkeys, silkworms, and grana cochineal, as well as the management of native snails, insects, iguanas, turtles, crocodiles, birds, and mammals). As a result, the following examples of management categories that occur between the following extremes are illustrated: (1) wild versus domesticated; (2) human actions toward individual animals versus human actions toward the ecosystems and processes of which they are a part, such as agroecosystems or protected areas; and (3) human management focused on controlling animals and/or ecosystems versus human-fauna relationships mediated by recognizing the agency of animals or other non-human entities. The model of a continuous gradient in human-fauna interactions is a borrowing from zooarchaeology to ethnozoology, which can be approached through transdisciplinary qualitative research methods and also by evaluating the biological outcomes of management practices. Such analyses allow to visualize a wide array of human-fauna interactions, as part of a process, motivated by intrinsic, instrumental, or relational values, influenced by several conditions across ecological, social, and time scales.