Bocaiuva (Acrocomia aculeata) is a palm species found in the following Brazilian biomes: Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, Amazon, Pantanal, and Caatinga. However, the occurrence of bocaiuva is throughout the Neotropics. This species is becoming a bioeconomy of social inclusion and high profitability. This chapter is a systematic review of the available data on the bocaiuva palm, covering its biological aspects, industrial and traditional uses and forms of consumption, management, and role in the production chain. This study involved a systematic literature review, which was carried out according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. We searched the Scopus and Web of Science databases for articles published between January 2003 and July 2023. The biological studies aim to understand the natural dynamics of palm populations in order to develop mechanisms for maintaining populations, improving products, and productivity, according to sustainable criteria based on the traditional management practiced by local communities. The nutritional studies have identified processes for extracting oil, pulp, and seeds; however, new studies have explored the reuse of the fruit shell and endosperm, which are the main residues from the production processes. The main challenges identified were related to processes to optimize pulp extraction without reducing nutritional properties. Thus, our research has focused on the extraction processes that have been predominant until now, the biological aspects, and the forms of use and consumption of bocaiuva.