Modification of ZnO and TiO2 UV filters

There are concerns related to the safety and environmental impact of sunscreens containing TiO2 and ZnO due to their intrinsic properties, such as small particle sizes and photocatalytic nature. This has led to researchers investigating different strategies for mitigating the undesirable features of TiO2 and ZnO, especially their high photocatalytic activities, while still maintaining their good UV attenuation properties. This chapter discusses and assesses the different modification techniques employed towards this end that were reported in the literature such as the surface coating, functionalization, decoration, and metal ion-doping of TiO2 and ZnO.