Conclusions

Afro-communitarianism and Ubuntu prefer peaceful resolution to conflicts by promoting good communal relations with its approach on relational ethics and the idea that humans are bound by each other to form respected communities. However, as this book has exhibited, violence may be permissible from an Afro-communitarian perspective if peaceful resolution has or would fail to make a positive impact to restore social relations and a harmonious state of affairs. Therefore, a less discordant state of affairs can be rebutted with violence and be immediately ceased once a settlement or resolution has been reached. Despite much work conducted on anti-colonial movements and internal political struggles of liberation that started with peaceful protests but then moved to violence, this does not necessarily mean that foreign armed intervention from the world organization, regional organizations, or unilateral powers (with allied coalition forces) cannot engage in conflict to rebut wrong(s) and reach a peaceful state of affairs. These foreign-led incursions can thus be examined with Afro-communitarian ethics and the permissibility of violence to bring about a more harmonious, and less discordant, state of affairs.