Nucleation, Thermodynamics, and Growth Kinetics of 2D Materials

The process of the growth of matter starts with the nucleation of the nanoclusters of functional groups into isolated islands. The growth depends on various deposition parameters and the principle of minimization of surface energies.Surface energies One of the controlling parameters of the growth is the surface energy; the other parameters are selective nucleation centers, selective growth mechanisms, and controlled organization of nanoclusters of functional groups. The growth can be in the form of discrete islands or dots of different sizes and shapes: wires, tubes, pillars, etc., and thin films.