Biogenic Metal Nanoparticles for Antibacterial and Antifungal Applications and Their Challenges

Conventional methods used for the synthesis of nanoparticles often rely on toxic chemicals and extreme conditions, which have raising concerns about their environmental impact and safety. This chapter presents a promising alternative to biogenic metal nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are synthesized with naturally occurring resources such as plant extracts and microorganisms, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly approach. We delve into the interest mechanisms employed by plants, which are rich in bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and enzymes, to reduce metal ions into nanoparticles. Microorganisms, such as yeast and bacteria, also possess this remarkable ability. This chapter explores the potential of biogenic nanoparticles in combating bacterial and fungal infections. We have highlighted their antibacterial and antifungal properties, showcasing their effectiveness against various pathogens. We also discussed the limitations and hurdles associated with biogenic nanoparticle synthesis, including scalability, stability, and controlled size distribution. By addressing these challenges, we pave the way for the wider application of nature-derived nanoparticles in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, and environmental remediation.