Radiation-Based Technologies for Application in Industry, Human Health, and Environment Protection: A Techno-Economic Perspective

Radiation technology provides adaptable resources that can significantly contribute to sustainable development. Because it uses less energy and produces less trash, it is usually more economical and better for the environment than the alternatives. This is crucial for all nations, especially those struggling financially. To prevent the contamination of the environment, we can use radiation to eliminate emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) in soil and water. When administered properly, radiation can significantly improve human and environmental health and well-being while bolstering global security. At high enough doses, ionizing radiation can kill us or harm our cells and organs, making it an unsuitable therapeutic option for many disorders, including cancer. Energy generation, industry, research, and medical diagnoses and treatment of illnesses are just a few of the numerous positive uses for this form of radiation when used correctly, at appropriate dosages, and with appropriate protective gear. To combat the potential dangers of ionizing radiation to humans, communities, and ecosystems, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) provides regulatory bodies and lawmakers with a comprehensive set of worldwide safety standards. Nevertheless, the regulation of radiation sources and their protection falls under the purview of individual nations. Creating novel biodegradable “active” packaging materials to address plastic waste is an excellent illustration of this trend. This chapter helps fill gaps in our knowledge of radiation-based technologies' technical, economic, and ecological uses in many areas of human endeavour, such as basic research, manufacturing, farming, and healthcare.