Research on Design Strategy for Open Space in High-Speed Railway Station Buildings from a Low-Carbon Perspective

Energy conservation and emissions reduction have become common societal goals in the context of global energy crises and climate change. Traditional spatial design of high-speed railway station buildings faces issues such as inadequate ventilation and poor thermal comfort. The significant energy consumption and carbon emissions resulting from the ventilation and heating equipment cannot be ignored. This study employs a comprehensive research approach that combines a literature metric analysis with a theoretical analysis. Through a systematic review and analysis of research in the fields of spatial design strategies, carbon reduction strategies, and carbon emission quantification for high-speed railway station buildings, this study reveals that the application of open design in these buildings can break through traditional spatial limitations. This approach enhances space utilization and comfort, reduces energy consumption and carbon emissions, and consequently minimizes environmental impact. This study provides valuable insights and methods for the design and practice of high-speed railway station buildings. Additionally, it offers a new perspective on carbon emissions research, contributes to the sustainable development of high-speed railway stations, and provides guidance for the development of other transportation structures and urban planning.