Biomechanical-Based Indices for the Assessment of Explosive Strength in Athletes with Intellectual Impairment

Functional evaluation plays an important role in determining suitable training programs for elite athletes. For athletes with Intellectual Impairment, it may represent an even more powerful tool as it allows to obtain quantitative feedbacks (when qualitative ones are hard to collect). This study presents practical examples in the context of strength assessment tests carried out in the functional evaluation project of the Italian Sport Federation for athletes with Intellectual Impairment (FISDIR). In particular, a useful customized tool for the assessment of explosive strength in sprinters, based on biomechanical indices, is presented. The proposed approach starts with the definition of key biomechanical parameters in terms of spatiotemporal, kinematic, kinetics, energetic and joint angles related to each main phase of the test. According to the literature and technical recommendations, reference target values for each parameter are defined and normalized. In addition, a quick graphical visualization was designed. Finally, two synthetic indices related to the performance and execution are developed. Practical implications in squat jump test are presented. The proposed methodology represents a useful customized tool for improving training in athletes with Intellectual Impairment.