Lower Limb Arthroplasty: Effects of a Tele-Prehabilitation Program with Indirect Electrostimulation. Feasibility Study

In recent years, hip and knee arthroplasty surgeries have increased and further growth is expected. Preoperative fitness predicts the postoperative results of lower extremity arthroplasty. However, many patients undergo the surgery with reduced mobility and poor functional capacity. Addressing preoperative conditions is critical to improving arthroplasty outcomes. Although there are conflicting opinions on Prehabilitation (Prehab) in the literature, it has been shown to be effective in reducing management costs related to postoperative care, improving physical function and reducing pain. Therefore, the effects of a home Tele-Prehab program, based on electrostimulation, were assessed and compared with those of an exercise-based online program, equal in doses and duration. From April 15th to June 15th, 2023, 12 patients (7 Females), candidates for lower limb arthroplasty, were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the two study groups: electrostimulation (EG), Exercises (CG). For four weeks, both groups independently carried out a tele-prehab program consisting of three weekly sessions, lasting 30 min each. EG used an electrostimulator delivered at home (I-Tech Physio, IACER, Scorzè, Italy); CG performed the exercises described in a brochure. At the beginning and the end of the program, two teleconference sessions were held to asses functional abilities, quality of life, and perceived pain. All outcomes improved in both groups; more in EG than in CG, but not statistically significant. Results support the hypothesis that a tele-prehab program with electrostimulator could improve the treatment path of people undergoing lower limb arthroplasty.