Cancer of the Urinary Bladder

Bladder cancer risk and prevention are motivated by epidemiological studies that elucidated and quantified the potential roles of tobacco, geographic location, fluids, and dietary components on the risk of bladder cancer [1]. Among fruits and vegetables, Brassica vegetables emerged with significant associations with reduced bladder cancer risk. Carcinoma of the urinary bladder presents a considerable health care burden. In the United States, bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the eighth most common cause of cancer death in men [2]. It is the second most prevalent neoplasm in men 60 years or older [3]. Worldwide, almost 400,000 new cases are diagnosed annually, with approximately 150,000 deaths [4]. Bladder cancer recurrence rate is the highest among all malignancies, and it has the highest lifetime treatment costs per patient of all cancers due to its high recurrence rate and ongoing invasive monitoring requirements [5].