Phytochemicals for Preventing and Treating Chronic Diseases

The rise of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) as the leading threat to global health is clear, as these conditions cause nearly two-thirds of deaths worldwide, mostly in low and middle-income countries. NCDs are chronic conditions that last 1 year or more and that requiere medical care and lifestyle changes. Diet is one factor contributing to NCDs. While diets high in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains protect against developing several NCDs, increased mortality has been associated with a high intake of fried food, red meat, and processed meats. Phytochemicals, plant-derived bioactive compounds, have gained attention for their potential to benefit health and prevent or treat NCDs. Interestingly, phytochemicals interact with the gut microbiota that colonizes the human digestive system, which plays a crucial role in maintaining health and preventing diseases like metabolic syndrome and associated risk factors like insulin resistance and hypertension. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of phytochemicals in some chronic diseases and their prevention.